Data Processing and Analysis (DPA)

Concepts of Worksheet

8 topics

• Workbook, worksheet, cell address, formula bar, columns, rows, cells
• Insert, delete, format cells, cell size, rename sheet, protect sheet, lock cell
• Cut, copy, paste, paste special, format painter, font/fill/alignment options
• Number format, percent style, comma style, increase/decrease decimal
• Insert picture, shapes, textbox, header & footer, symbols
• Save, save as, save as CSV, spell check, protect sheet/workbook, linking spreadsheets
• Print, quick print, print preview
• Split, hide and freeze panes in worksheet

Formulas, Chart and Data

8 topics

• Creating 2D and 3D charts (Columns, Line, Pie, Bar, Scatter)
• Difference among column, line and bar charts
• Formulas: sum, average, count, max, min, sumif, pmt, stddev
• Logical formulas: if, AND, OR, NOT, TRUE, FALSE
• Date and Day functions: Date, day, time, now, Hour, Minute, Second, Month, Days360, weekday
• Sort Data, Filter Data
• Text to columns, Remove Duplicates
• Consolidated Data (sum, count, max, min, average)

Concepts of Database

12 topics

• Data Independence (Logical and Physical)
• Components of Database (User, Application, DBMS, Database)
• Database Architecture (1-tier, 2-tier, 3-tier): comparison, advantages, disadvantages
• Database Models (Hierarchical, Network, E/R, Relational)
• E/R model: Entity, Relationship, Attribute
• E/R Diagram: one-to-one, one-to-many, many-to-one, many-to-many
• Strong entity, weak entity
• Key attribute, derived attribute, multi-valued attribute
• Types of keys: Super key, candidate key, primary key, composite key, foreign key, unique key
• Normalization: why normalization (insertion, updating, deletion anomalies)
• Normalization rules: dependency, transitive dependency, Armstrong axioms
• 1NF, 2NF, 3NF, BCNF

Concepts of SQL and Queries (Single Table only)

9 topics

• SQL datatypes: int, float, double, char, varchar, number, varchar2, text, date
• DDL, DML, DQL Statements: Create, Drop, Truncate, Rename, Alter, Insert, Update, Delete, Select
• Where clause and operators: in, between, like, not in, comparison operators, wildcard, order by, group by, distinct
• AND, OR operators, Exists and Not Exists, use of Alias
• Constraints: NOT NULL, CHECK, DEFAULT, UNIQUE, Primary Key, Foreign Key, On Delete Cascade
• Aggregate Functions: avg(), max(), min(), sum(), count(), first(), last()
• Scalar Functions: ucase(), lcase(), round(), mid()
• Creating sequence
• Views: creating, updating, dropping; difference between view and table

Previous-year question papers

Published by VNSGU. These open on the university’s own site.

• November 2025Data Processing and Analysis (DPA)(TH) (Major-105)
• March 2025MAJOR-105-DATA PROCESSING AND ANALYSIS (DPA) (TH)
• March 2024MAJOR-105-DATA PROCESSING AND ANALYSIS (DPA) (TH)

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