Linux Operating System (LOS) (Minor-04)

Introduction to Linux Operating System

5 topics

• Features of Linux OS
• Components of Linux OS (Hardware, Kernel, Shell, GNU Utilities & Applications)
• Shell in Linux (Bash, Zsh, Dash - features and differences)
• Introduction to Files and File Types in Linux (text, binary, special files)
• Linux Directory Structure and File System Hierarchy Standard (FHS)

Basic Linux Commands

7 topics

• Directory Navigation Commands (pwd, cd, mkdir, rmdir, ls, tree)
• File Management Commands (cat, rm, cp, mv, touch)
• File Permissions and Ownership (chmod, chgrp, chown, umask)
• Common System Commands (who, whoami, man, echo, date, clear)
• Text Processing Commands (head, tail, cut, sort, cmp, tr, uniq, wc, tee)
• Introduction to Process; Process Control commands (ps, fg, bg, kill, sleep)
• Job Scheduling commands (at, batch, crontab)

Shell Scripting in Linux

6 topics

• Creating and Executing Shell Scripts (nano, vi, ./script.sh)
• Shell Metacharacters and Operators: Filename Expansion (wildcards *, ?, []), Input/Output Redirection (>, >>, <), Pipes (|), Command Substitution ($(...))
• Control Flow Structures (if-else, case, for, while, until)
• Logical Operators (&&, ||, !)
• test and [ ] command for Condition Testing (file, numeric, string)
• Arithmetic Operations (expr, $(( )))

Advanced Text Processing Tools

3 topics

• Introduction to Regular Expressions (Basic and Extended)
• Pattern Matching using grep, egrep, and fgrep
• Stream Editing with sed (search, replace, line deletion, insertion)

Previous-year question papers

Published by VNSGU. These open on the university’s own site.

• October 2025Linux Operating System (TH) New (Paper - 501-MN-1)

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